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Batesian mimicry has been said to be parasitic, while Müllerian mimicry has been said to be mutualistic. But the Batesian model benefits from the presence of the mimic, give the lesser likelihood of an attack on the model, and Müllerian mimics may be defended to different degrees, so that one mimic may be relatively dependent…
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Blushing occurs when one is embarrassed.Blushing is more common in the young than in the old, and in women compared with men. Blushing is due to dilatation of blood vessels in the face, transmitted through the sphenopalatine ganglia by parasympathetic nerves, which indicates that blushing occurs when one feels safe. Blushing signals that one cares…
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The debate about altruism lacks adult judgements. Any supposedly altruistic response should be judged by the latency of the response, by the number of bystanders, by the genetic relatedness between the altruist and the beneficiary, and by the amount of social contact between the altruist and the beneficiary and between the altruist and any bystander,…
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Humans cooperate because they remember their own fallibility, which is why cooperation increases with age.
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Hamilton’s rule attempts to link costs, c, benefits, b, and genetic relatedness, r. Hamilton’s rule does not apply to spouses, because r is 0. Everyday life tells us that costly benefits are more likely to be given because of expediency, or because of mutuality, than because of consanguinity. A necessary condition for mutuality is that…
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Evolution.
autism, canalization, Combined pattern of childhood psycho-behavioral characteristics in patients with schizophrenia: a retrospective study in Japan, corpus callosum, critical comments by important family members, developmental factors, environmental factors, epigenesis, epigenetic, epigenetics, evolution, evolutionary fitness, Evolutionary Psychiatry, feed forward, Haeckel’s law, hippocampal place cells, hippocampi, homeostasis, induseum griseum, lateral longitudinal stria, maladaptation, medial longitudinal stria, mental health, mood disorders, neocortex, ontogeny, paranoid disorders, phenotypic plasticity, phylogeny, plasticity, rank theory of depression, schizophrenia, strands of Lancisi, The influence of phenotypic modifications on evolution: the Baldwin effect and modern perspectives, the Pons test, The role of phenotypic plasticity in driving genetic evolution, WaddingtonMost patients with mental illness do not have relatives with the same condition. Phylogenetically, it may well have been true that social groups were stabilised by depressed members, and that families were stabilised by biddable members who passively accepted distortion: ontogenetically, these possibilities need to be tested, with the mental health of group members and…
To be or not to be. 