Schizophrenia is the extreme expression of discrepancy between the phenotype and the genotype.

Patients with schizophrenia have significantly more minor physical abnormalities than their siblings, which may explain differential parental responses.

The instinct to teach may be to create in one’s own image, which distances phenotype from genotype in learners.

Supposedly disruptive behaviour in children may be deimatic or aposematic, that is to keep at bay relatives who they feel do not acknowledge who they are, or who try to make them into someone they are not, or both.

Changes in the habitat, for example loss of a beloved grandparent, may be antecedents to behaviours in children which incur medical diagnoses, because the changes increase the discrepancy between the phenotype and the genotype.

Adolescents may use alcohol to give expression to the genotype without confrontation.